Summary by Hermit
explain below how the alternator charges the battery as the car and how to connect two batteries.
have to understand some of this equipment.
The alternator has a three-phase winding mounted on the stator, or be still. After having a rotor with a DC winding receiving small field current through two slip rings linked to the controller through brush commonly called "coal."
current field or which enters the rotor magnet is relatively small and is modulated, either electronically or mechanically by the famous governor. The stator
or "induced" or "armor" induces a three-phase AC voltage great frequency. On the same stator we have a bridge of 6 diodes that convert alternating current to feed continuous auto charges and also charge the battery.
(For charges means all electric car, ie: bulbs, radio, coils, computer, etc.).
At higher engine revolutions have induced more stress. A more current field or rotor induced voltage have also increased. Moral
, the controller is responsible for modulating the flow field so that NEVER voltage exceeds about 14 volts.
Therefore, the only thing that makes the controller is to limit the field current and therefore limit the output voltage.
One might ask then who limits the output current or load current?
Nothing less than the generator itself.
The alternator is a machine very difficult to "pass power." It has the characteristic of "saturation."
Then, a 100 amp alternator can hardly produce more than 100 amps, whatever you do.
With so hard to burn the stator windings.
How to connect two batteries? There
drivers foresight to have 2 batteries on long trips to keep connected in parallel loaded.
Several circuit designs, from basic to just have a breaker to remove the batteries to more sophisticated designs, including solenoids.
(Note: the diagrams are informative, the installation must be done by an auto electrician)
Finally, the important thing is to make sure the best way to keep them loaded and you can leave the original for the vehicle and the second to operate the winch and connect the auxiliary lights and stereo with subwoofer that is so common to find the vehicles.
With this configuration would be very difficult to run out of power from the 4x4 and allows for a long time to stop the vehicle, taking care to disconnect the main battery to charge and do not miss high school used to supply energy in the room Camping, for example.
What happens if you download the two batteries?
Well, once we do from the car, comes the question ... will you be able alternator charging two batteries in parallel? ...
Faced with the problem of charging two batteries, one must point out that a battery "dead", to apply 14 volts, it never takes more than 20 amps for a while and in a few moments take a lower power yet.
So even with two batteries "dead" at most have 40 amps of consumption for a moment and then the batteries will slowly recovering at a much lower system power consumption of the generator.
Conclusion: any modern alternator load two large batteries without any problems. Notably
either one or two batteries, when they are "dead" we need more or less 10 hours of engine running to say that they are charged to full.
So if you gave the winch until the battery enough said! and died, program yourself a long trip to make sure to have them loaded properly.
Note: Some modern cars come with regulators working at higher voltage (close to 15 volts.) This obviously means that the battery charge faster because it absorbs more current, but not any battery that supports and often short.
This is intended for city cars that stop and tear many times a day to ensure the replacement of the battery. But cars like 4x4s that make long trips, complete cooking the batteries, especially if they are of poor quality.
Ideally, the generator will not work to more than 13.8 (or 14 volts maximum). However at a fully discharged battery requires a trip of about 10 hours to recover the full load a battery to zero.
Although the best is a slow charger, about five amperes connected for 16 hours in the garage.
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