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HCCI A RADICAL CHANGE THE FUEL
other engineers had dreamed of it, had discussed it, and even had given lectures about it, but today - for the first time - General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM - news ) reveals the automotive world, "the most awaited combustion technology" of the past 30 years. GM demonstrated the combustion process, known formally as on homogeneous charge compression, or HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition), for the first time in two concept vehicles ready to operate, Saturn Aura and Opel Vectra. When combined with advanced technologies available, such as direct injection, the phase variation of electrical distribution, the standard variable valve sensors and pressure gauges on the cylinder HCCI get up to 15% savings in fuel, while allowing for meeting future emissions standards. "I remember debating the feasibility of this combustion system when I was in college," said Tom Stephens, Vice President Group GM Powertrain and Quality. "Then it was like a dream. Today, using math-based predictive analysis and other tools, are beginning to see how we can realize this technology. By combining HCCI with other advanced gasoline and control technologies, we can offer customers a good fuel economy. " In an integrated engine concept, HCCI along with other enabling advanced technologies approaches the engine efficiency of a diesel engine, but without the need for expensive treatment systems of exhaust gases to reduce NOx. Its efficiency is determined from the combustion of fuel at lower temperatures and reducing energy heat during the combustion process. Consequently, carbon dioxide emissions are lower because the engine running HCCI is more efficient. Cars HCCI-powered concept - a Saturn Aura and an Opel Vectra derived from both standard and equipped with 2.2-liter ECOTEC four-cylinder, function as conventional vehicles, but offer savings of up to 15% in consumption fuel when compared with the same models with conventional jet engines. (This fuel savings can vary depending on the use of the vehicle and driving cycle made by each client) concept cars ready to move represent one of the first tangible demonstrations of HCCI technology application outside the laboratory. "I am proud of the progress made by our engineers," said Stephens. "It is another initiative of General Motors in its strategy of advanced propulsion systems to reduce our dependence on oil. Together, HCCI, direct injection, distribution and variable valvelift and Active Fuel Management contribute to improving efficiency, reducing consumption and improving the performance of our internal combustion engines. I am confident that HCCI technology one day occupy a prominent place in our future range of low-power models. " Highlights of HCCI technology include: • Efficiency similar to that of a diesel engine with a substantial reduction in the costs of treating exhaust gases tested · Developed on gasoline engines with direct injection and variable valve timing technology · Adaptable to conventional architectures other gasoline engines Compatible with all types of commercially available gasoline and E85 bioethanol HCCI How the HCCI engine with a compression-ignited inside the cylinder a mixture of air and fuel. Unlike a gasoline engine with spark plugs or diesel engine, HCCI engine this is done at low temperature and no energy losses flame throughout the combustion chamber. All the fuel is ignited in the chamber simultaneously. This process produces an output similar to current gasoline engines, but using less fuel to do so. Heat is needed for the HCCI process works, so these engines feature a traditional spark plug to generate the heat needed in the cylinders and the catalyst system, the cold start to allow the operation of HCCI . During HCCI mode, the mixing ratio is relatively poor, which means that a larger percentage of air in the mixture. The lean operation of HCCI can bring efficiency in consumption of a diesel engine, but the system of treating exhaust gases is that of a conventional gasoline car. Diesel engines require a system for treating exhaust gases to reduce their emissions much more complex and costly. HCCI technology is based on the integration of advanced engine technologies - many of which are already used today in cars as standard and can be adapted to current gasoline engines. The compression ratio is similar to that of gasoline engines and conventional direct injection is compatible with all commercially available gasoline and E85 ethanol. GM has shown prototypes of the technology adaptation in HCCI concept cars ready to move vehicles that are based on normal production in series, like the Saturn Aura and Opel Vectra. The Aura features an automatic transmission, while the Vectra, which is aimed at European market, has manual transmission. Both cars are powered by a 2.2-liter Ecotec engine (180 hp and 230 Nm) that features a central direct injection system with variable elevation of both intake valves and the exhaust, electric variable valve timing on both camshafts and pressure sensors in each of the cylinders to control the combustion as well as offering a smooth transition between combustion modes. A sophisticated controller, using pressure sensors in the cylinders and the system developed by GM's control algorithms, manages the processes of combustion and HCCI combustion with traditional spark plug. Switching between two modes of combustion is felt in the prototypes, but the intention is that production models this change is imperceptible, similar to the operation of disabling the Active Fuel Management, GM. Currently, the prototypes shown by GM can operate in HCCI mode up to about about 55 mph (90 km / h) speed, changing spark operation at higher speeds or when it requires more engine performance. It aims to increase the use of HCCI to improve motor control systems and devices that perform electronic management. "Perhaps the greatest challenge for HCCI is controlling the combustion process," said Dr. Uwe Grebe, executive director of GM Powertrain Advanced Engineering. "With spark ignition, you can adjust the time of the spark and intensity, but with the flameless combustion system HCCI, we need to change the mixture composition and temperature of a very complex way to get a similar benefits. " The global HCCI team GM will continue to develop this technology in diverse operating conditions throughout the world, from extreme heat to the air conditions with low oxygen at high altitude. "Although development costs HCCI have been substantial, we have taken a big step forward by offering the most awaited combustion technology and move from the laboratory to the road in the concept cars Saturn Aura and Opel Vectra. Others are still needed additional development costs, among which include research and testing program for this technology can work in a variety of driving situations that require the customers, "said Dr. Grebe. General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM), the largest automaker in the world, has remained a leader of worldwide sales for the last 76 years. Founded in 1908, GM today employs about 280,000 people worldwide. Based in Detroit ( DETROIT.SN - news ), GM manufactures its cars and trucks in 33 countries. In 2006 it sold nearly 9.1 million GM cars and trucks under the following brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, GM Daewoo, Holden, HUMMER, Opel, Pontiac, Saab (Stockholm: SAABB.ST - News ), Saturn and Vauxhall. GM's OnStar subsidiary is the industry leader in security and information services for vehicles. More information on GM www.gm.com.

TECHNOLOGY ANTIATROPELLO

For example, Ford shows one of their latest developments, external airbags to prevent injury to pedestrians in case of violation. These bags are still being studied, but its operation is simple: spread out the windshield and front bumper when activated by a sensors.
Honda also brings some surprises. Stresses its infrared camera flashes alerts by pedestrians, but as sure-not-disturb other drivers. In addition, the Japanese firm harnesses the conference to showcase their latest crash tests conducted for pedestrians. The protagonist is a new dummy named Polar II, a pedestrian who is hit suffered again and again (do not miss the pictures). For example, Ford shows one of their latest developments, external airbags to prevent injury to pedestrians in case of violation. These bags are still being studied, but its operation is simple: spread out the windshield and front bumper when activated sensors.
Honda also brings some surprises. Stresses its infrared camera flashes alerts by pedestrians, but as sure-not-disturb other drivers. In addition, the Japanese firm harnesses the conference to showcase their latest crash tests conducted for pedestrians. The protagonist is a new dummy named Polar II, a pedestrian who is hit suffered again and again.