How To Know If Overdose Accident

ANTYLOCK

As we have seen the times change people and transport Tembien do and people together with manufacturers looking for convenience and the automatuzacion of everything that will show you some updates in the automotive vehicle





HCCI A RADICAL CHANGE THE FUEL
other engineers had dreamed of it, had discussed it, and even had given lectures about it, but today - for the first time - General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM - news ) reveals the automotive world, "the most awaited combustion technology" of the past 30 years. GM demonstrated the combustion process, known formally as on homogeneous charge compression, or HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition), for the first time in two concept vehicles ready to operate, Saturn Aura and Opel Vectra. When combined with advanced technologies available, such as direct injection, the phase variation of electrical distribution, the standard variable valve sensors and pressure gauges on the cylinder HCCI get up to 15% savings in fuel, while allowing for meeting future emissions standards. "I remember debating the feasibility of this combustion system when I was in college," said Tom Stephens, Vice President Group GM Powertrain and Quality. "Then it was like a dream. Today, using math-based predictive analysis and other tools, are beginning to see how we can realize this technology. By combining HCCI with other advanced gasoline and control technologies, we can offer customers a good fuel economy. " In an integrated engine concept, HCCI along with other enabling advanced technologies approaches the engine efficiency of a diesel engine, but without the need for expensive treatment systems of exhaust gases to reduce NOx. Its efficiency is determined from the combustion of fuel at lower temperatures and reducing energy heat during the combustion process. Consequently, carbon dioxide emissions are lower because the engine running HCCI is more efficient. Cars HCCI-powered concept - a Saturn Aura and an Opel Vectra derived from both standard and equipped with 2.2-liter ECOTEC four-cylinder, function as conventional vehicles, but offer savings of up to 15% in consumption fuel when compared with the same models with conventional jet engines. (This fuel savings can vary depending on the use of the vehicle and driving cycle made by each client) concept cars ready to move represent one of the first tangible demonstrations of HCCI technology application outside the laboratory. "I am proud of the progress made by our engineers," said Stephens. "It is another initiative of General Motors in its strategy of advanced propulsion systems to reduce our dependence on oil. Together, HCCI, direct injection, distribution and variable valvelift and Active Fuel Management contribute to improving efficiency, reducing consumption and improving the performance of our internal combustion engines. I am confident that HCCI technology one day occupy a prominent place in our future range of low-power models. " Highlights of HCCI technology include: • Efficiency similar to that of a diesel engine with a substantial reduction in the costs of treating exhaust gases tested · Developed on gasoline engines with direct injection and variable valve timing technology · Adaptable to conventional architectures other gasoline engines Compatible with all types of commercially available gasoline and E85 bioethanol HCCI How the HCCI engine with a compression-ignited inside the cylinder a mixture of air and fuel. Unlike a gasoline engine with spark plugs or diesel engine, HCCI engine this is done at low temperature and no energy losses flame throughout the combustion chamber. All the fuel is ignited in the chamber simultaneously. This process produces an output similar to current gasoline engines, but using less fuel to do so. Heat is needed for the HCCI process works, so these engines feature a traditional spark plug to generate the heat needed in the cylinders and the catalyst system, the cold start to allow the operation of HCCI . During HCCI mode, the mixing ratio is relatively poor, which means that a larger percentage of air in the mixture. The lean operation of HCCI can bring efficiency in consumption of a diesel engine, but the system of treating exhaust gases is that of a conventional gasoline car. Diesel engines require a system for treating exhaust gases to reduce their emissions much more complex and costly. HCCI technology is based on the integration of advanced engine technologies - many of which are already used today in cars as standard and can be adapted to current gasoline engines. The compression ratio is similar to that of gasoline engines and conventional direct injection is compatible with all commercially available gasoline and E85 ethanol. GM has shown prototypes of the technology adaptation in HCCI concept cars ready to move vehicles that are based on normal production in series, like the Saturn Aura and Opel Vectra. The Aura features an automatic transmission, while the Vectra, which is aimed at European market, has manual transmission. Both cars are powered by a 2.2-liter Ecotec engine (180 hp and 230 Nm) that features a central direct injection system with variable elevation of both intake valves and the exhaust, electric variable valve timing on both camshafts and pressure sensors in each of the cylinders to control the combustion as well as offering a smooth transition between combustion modes. A sophisticated controller, using pressure sensors in the cylinders and the system developed by GM's control algorithms, manages the processes of combustion and HCCI combustion with traditional spark plug. Switching between two modes of combustion is felt in the prototypes, but the intention is that production models this change is imperceptible, similar to the operation of disabling the Active Fuel Management, GM. Currently, the prototypes shown by GM can operate in HCCI mode up to about about 55 mph (90 km / h) speed, changing spark operation at higher speeds or when it requires more engine performance. It aims to increase the use of HCCI to improve motor control systems and devices that perform electronic management. "Perhaps the greatest challenge for HCCI is controlling the combustion process," said Dr. Uwe Grebe, executive director of GM Powertrain Advanced Engineering. "With spark ignition, you can adjust the time of the spark and intensity, but with the flameless combustion system HCCI, we need to change the mixture composition and temperature of a very complex way to get a similar benefits. " The global HCCI team GM will continue to develop this technology in diverse operating conditions throughout the world, from extreme heat to the air conditions with low oxygen at high altitude. "Although development costs HCCI have been substantial, we have taken a big step forward by offering the most awaited combustion technology and move from the laboratory to the road in the concept cars Saturn Aura and Opel Vectra. Others are still needed additional development costs, among which include research and testing program for this technology can work in a variety of driving situations that require the customers, "said Dr. Grebe. General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GM), the largest automaker in the world, has remained a leader of worldwide sales for the last 76 years. Founded in 1908, GM today employs about 280,000 people worldwide. Based in Detroit ( DETROIT.SN - news ), GM manufactures its cars and trucks in 33 countries. In 2006 it sold nearly 9.1 million GM cars and trucks under the following brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, GM Daewoo, Holden, HUMMER, Opel, Pontiac, Saab (Stockholm: SAABB.ST - News ), Saturn and Vauxhall. GM's OnStar subsidiary is the industry leader in security and information services for vehicles. More information on GM www.gm.com.

TECHNOLOGY ANTIATROPELLO

For example, Ford shows one of their latest developments, external airbags to prevent injury to pedestrians in case of violation. These bags are still being studied, but its operation is simple: spread out the windshield and front bumper when activated by a sensors.
Honda also brings some surprises. Stresses its infrared camera flashes alerts by pedestrians, but as sure-not-disturb other drivers. In addition, the Japanese firm harnesses the conference to showcase their latest crash tests conducted for pedestrians. The protagonist is a new dummy named Polar II, a pedestrian who is hit suffered again and again (do not miss the pictures). For example, Ford shows one of their latest developments, external airbags to prevent injury to pedestrians in case of violation. These bags are still being studied, but its operation is simple: spread out the windshield and front bumper when activated sensors.
Honda also brings some surprises. Stresses its infrared camera flashes alerts by pedestrians, but as sure-not-disturb other drivers. In addition, the Japanese firm harnesses the conference to showcase their latest crash tests conducted for pedestrians. The protagonist is a new dummy named Polar II, a pedestrian who is hit suffered again and again.

What To Write On A Hen Card

FUTURE BREAK SYSTEM (ABS)

Operation
The ABS works in conjunction with traditional braking system. Consists of a pump that is incorporated into the circuits of brake fluid and in a few detectors that control the speed of the wheels. If hard braking one or more wheels suddenly reduced its speed, the ABS detects and interprets what the wheels are about to be blocked without the vehicle is stopped. This means that the vehicle starts to skid, and therefore, to slide on the floor without control. To avoid this, the sensors send a signal to the ABS Central, which reduces pressure on the brakes done, without involving the driver in it. When the situation has normalized and the wheels spin again correctly, the system allows the pressure on the brakes to come and perform with all the intensity. The ABS control again the turn of the wheels and acts again if they are about to be blocked by the brake force. In the event that the system involved, the procedure is repeated very quickly, about 50 to 100 times per minute, which means that the driver perceives a vibration in the brake pedal.
allows the driver to continue having control over the vehicle's path, with the consequent possibility to avoid the obstacle causing the risk.

Using ABS keeps the during braking coefficient of friction static, as it prevents slippage occurs on the road. Given that the coefficient static friction is greater than the friction coefficient dynamic braking distance is always reduced with ABS.
Although the ABS system is useful in almost all situations, it is indispensable on slippery surfaces such as wet or icy pavement, as in these cases the difference between coefficient of friction static and dynamic is particularly high.
When driving on snow or gravel and no ABS brakes, there is the sinking of the wheels on the pavement, leading to an arrest of more efficient car. The ABS system, to avoid slipping on the floor also prevents the wheels from sinking, so that these types of surface, and desiring a stopping distance as short as possible would be desirable to disable the ABS action.

Hemorrhoids Or Something Serious?

is a component that is designed to provide the high voltage needed to ignite the spark s mixture inside the engine cylinders


consists of a primary coil qyue varies its number of turns for each coil type
a secondary coil has many more the primary turns the secondary winding elva is the tension and sends it to the dealer
base and ferrous center

Megan Good Short Hair Tutorial

IGNITION COIL IGNITION SYSTEMS

Power Equipment
's team turned on the air-fuel mixture which is compressed inside the cylinder. EI
ignition equipment is required to generate enough spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture and to generate the sparks to the distribution corresponding to the engine operating condition, it is also extremely durable.

Ignition Coil
This device generates the high voltage needed for ignition. The secondary winding is wrapped around the core, which is made from thin iron plates glued layers. On this, the primary winding is wound. The current is sent intermittently to the primary coil according to the opening and closing of the points in the distributor and the secondary coil wrapped around the core generates the high voltage delivered by the coil.

High Voltage Cable
These are cables that reliably transmit the high voltage generated in the ignition coil to the spark plugs. Conductors (wire core) of these cables are covered with a thick layer of rubber insulation to prevent the loss of high voltage. These cables connect the coil Power to the dealer and distributor to the spark plugs. Distributor

The dealer section consists of a power distributor which distributes the current to each spark plug according to the firing sequence, a signal generator which sends power on and off the ignition coil and controlling an advanced ignition timing according to engine conditions. Spark Ignition

current high voltage (10 to 30 kV) from the distributor generates a high temperature spark between the center electrode and ground (earth) of the spark to ignite the mixture compressed air-fuel. This will turn the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder. Spark plugs are divided into the kind of high thermal value and spark plugs low thermal value, depending on the degree of dispersion (thermal value) received heat when the air-fuel mixture is burned. This degree is expressed by a number. Generally, the spark plugs that are suitable for engine and vehicle model are selected, then a specific type of spark plug should be used o.
Mostly, spark plugs are specified clearly described in the Service Specifications with items including motor Repair Manual. Construction of
plugs Spark plugs are constructed as shown in the illustration. The Aito voltage from the distributor is driven to the terminal and passed through the central electrode and resistor, and then generates sparks on the (A) in the illustration. The resistor is included to avoid the "noise" picked up by radio, and is generated by high voltage sparks.

Heat Range Spark
a heat range of spark concerns the operating temperature the same plug A spark plug dissipates more heat is called " colder plug "because it stays cooler, while a spark that dissipates much less heat is known as hot plugs, because it maintains its heat.
The length of the insulator tip (T) of hot and cold candles varies as shown in Fig. The colder plug is the length of the shorter insulator nose (see). Since the surface area exposed to the flame is small and the heat radiation path is short, heat radiation is excellent and the center electrode temperature is not very high. For this reason, we use a colder plug, since it is more difficult than pre-ignition occurs.
On the other hand, because the hot spark plug insulator tip is longer (see c), the surface area exposed to the flame is higher, the heat radiation path is long and the radiation is small . As a result, the central electrode temperature rises too high and self-cleaning temperature can be achieved more rapidly in the range of low speeds in the case of a colder plug. IMPORTANT

There are several standards for candles including not only the thermal range, but also the size of the thread, the projection of the central electrode, etc. to qualify for each vehicle model. Therefore, when you need to replace the spark plugs must be used to meet the standards required for each individual vehicle.

IGNITION PLATINOS

Otto In all other fuel-air mixture is ignited by action external. This is done by an electric spark to produce ignition systems. The spark has to ignite the fuel / air mixture at the precise moment in all operating conditions. For this, the battery voltage of 12 volts is transformed to the voltage of about 10,000 V to 24,000 V, so you can jump a spark in the spark plug electrodes.
power system considered in this project is called the ignition coil and mechanical switch.
transformer coil is used to raise the voltage of the battery. The switch, also known as platinum, is nothing more than a switch capable of interrupting the current flowing through the coil.
To achieve the increase of tension is necessary to: 1 .- The platinum must be closed to allow current flowing in the coil, creating a magnetic field within it. (Primary circuit). 2 .- The platinum must open to interrupt current, which results in increased voltage then required to cause the spark plug. (Secondary circuit).
These two steps produce a spark, therefore, be repeated as often as necessary to keep the motor running. In other words, while a person remains on the engine of his vehicle, the points open and close thousands of times per minute. The problem with this type of system is the large amount of current that must run on the points to feed due to the primary winding of the coil. This current flow causes a lot of heat, forming a crater on the surface of the contacts and the mismatch of the same, thus causing a decrease in system efficiency, which in turn causes higher fuel consumption, power loss, a rapid deterioration of the spark plugs, etc.
The device presented in this project increases the life span of the points, therefore, it results in a power system more efficient and less costly to maintain.

MOULE THE ELECTRONIC IGNITION

tner For this we note that the module is a very delicate and that this should be aware of your configuration:

GATE G = B = BAT W = C = COLLECTOR COIL